Beyond Dyadic Interactions: The Dynamics of Triadic Interactions in the Common Marmoset (Callithrix jacchus)

Abstract

Most studies model vocal communication in dyadic (two-way) interactions. Yet dyadic interactions fail to capture the full range of naturalistic interactions that occur between multiple interlocutors. This study compared the dynamics of common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) vocalizations in triadic (three-way) interactions with dyadic interactions in order to determine whether dyadic interactions are indeed a valid model for multi-speaker interactions. The timing and duration of marmosets’ phee calls varied in dyadic and triadic interactions. The probability of paired cagemates, opposite-sex non-cagemates, and same-sex non-cagemates calling to each other also varied within and across social contexts. Social context, sex, and sociosexual relationships appeared to influence communication. Triadic interactions therefore represent more than the sum of two dyadic interactions.